What is Public Interest Litigation (PIL)?

Public Interest Litigation (PIL) is a legal tool that allows any individual or group to approach the court for legal remedies in cases where the public interest is at stake, especially when the rights of the disadvantaged or marginalized are being violated.

Unlike ordinary litigation, which involves disputes between individuals, a PIL is filed not for personal gain, but to seek justice for those who cannot easily access the legal system.

⚖️ Key Features of PIL

  • Access to Justice: Anyone—not just the affected person—can file a PIL.

  • No Personal Interest Required: The petitioner need not be directly affected.

  • Focus on Public Good: It targets issues like environmental protection, human rights, corruption, and social justice.

  • Liberal Standing: Courts accept letters or simple petitions as PILs in many cases.

How Does PIL Work?

  • Filing the Petition:

    • A PIL can be filed in the High Court under Article 226 or the Supreme Court under Article 32 of the Constitution of India.

    • It can even be submitted as a letter, which the court may treat as a PIL.

  • Admission by Court:

    • The court examines whether the issue is in public interest.

    • If accepted, notices are sent to the government or concerned authorities.

  • Hearing and Response:

    • Both parties (petitioner and respondents) are heard.

    • Evidence and arguments are presented.

  • Judgment:

    • The court may issue directions to government bodies or authorities to resolve the matter in the interest of justice.